Document Updates - Upstash Documentation

For JSON, hash, and string indexes, documents are regular Redis keys. For a stream index, each stream entry is a separate document. Keys matching an index prefix and entries in an indexed stream are indexed automatically. When the indexed data changes, the index is updated automatically.

There is no separate update command for search. Use regular Redis write commands to change your data.

Any command that modifies indexed document data updates the index. For example, this includes commands such as:

JSON commands such as JSON.SET, JSON.MERGE, …
Hash commands such as HSET, HINCRBY, …
String commands such as SET, SETEX, …
Stream commands such as XADD, XDEL, XTRIM, …
Generic commands such as DEL, EXPIRE, PEXPIRE, …

This is not an exhaustive list. The rule is that if a command changes data represented by an indexed document, the index is updated. Index updates are batched for performance, so recent writes may not immediately appear in search results. Use SEARCH.WAITINDEXING when you need to ensure queries reflect recent changes.

JSON Documents

For JSON indexes, any JSON command that modifies a matching key updates the indexed document.

TypeScript
Python
Redis CLI

import { Redis } from "@upstash/redis";

const redis = Redis.fromEnv();
const products = redis.search.index({ name: "products" });

await redis.json.set("product:1", "$.price", 79.99);

await products.waitIndexing();

const discounted = await products.query({
  filter: { price: { $lt: 90 } },
});

from upstash_redis import Redis

redis = Redis.from_env()
products = redis.search.index(name="products")

redis.json.set("product:1", "$.price", 79.99)

products.wait_indexing()

discounted = products.query(filter={"price": {"$lt": 90}})

JSON.SET product:1 $.price 79.99

SEARCH.WAITINDEXING products
SEARCH.QUERY products '{"price":{"$lt":90}}'

Hash Documents

For hash indexes, any hash command that modifies a matching key updates the indexed document.

TypeScript
Python
Redis CLI

const articles = redis.search.index({ name: "articles" });

await redis.hset("article:1", {
  status: "published",
  views: 125,
});

await articles.waitIndexing();

const published = await articles.query({
  filter: { status: "published" },
});

articles = redis.search.index(name="articles")

redis.hset("article:1", values={
    "status": "published",
    "views": 125,
})

articles.wait_indexing()

published = articles.query(filter={"status": "published"})

HSET article:1 status published views 125

SEARCH.WAITINDEXING articles
SEARCH.QUERY articles '{"status":"published"}'

String Documents

For string indexes, indexed keys must contain valid JSON strings. Any command that replaces or modifies the matching string key updates the indexed document.

TypeScript
Python
Redis CLI

const notes = redis.search.index({ name: "notes" });

await redis.set("note:1", {
  title: "Release checklist",
  status: "done",
});

await notes.waitIndexing();

const done = await notes.query({
  filter: { status: "done" },
});

notes = redis.search.index(name="notes")

redis.set("note:1", '{"title":"Release checklist","status":"done"}')

notes.wait_indexing()

done = notes.query(filter={"status": "done"})

SET note:1 '{"title":"Release checklist","status":"done"}'

SEARCH.WAITINDEXING notes
SEARCH.QUERY notes '{"status":"done"}'

Stream Entries

For a stream index, XADD adds one document whose ID is the stream entry ID. Commands that remove entries, including XDEL and XTRIM, remove the corresponding documents from the index.

SEARCH.CREATE event-search ON STREAM events SCHEMA message TEXT severity U64 FAST

XADD events 1-0 message "Payment authorization failed" severity 4

SEARCH.WAITINDEXING event-search
SEARCH.QUERY event-search '{"message":"authorization"}'

Deleting or expiring the entire stream clears its documents but keeps the index definition. New entries are indexed if the stream is later recreated under the same key. See Searching Streams for stream-specific schema rules and operational constraints.

Deletes

Deleting a matching key removes the document from a JSON, hash, or string index. Deleting a stream removes all of that stream’s entry documents from its stream index.

TypeScript
Python
Redis CLI

await redis.del("product:1");
await products.waitIndexing();

redis.delete("product:1")
products.wait_indexing()

DEL product:1
SEARCH.WAITINDEXING products

Expiration

When a matching key expires, Upstash Redis Search removes the expired document from the index.

TypeScript
Python
Redis CLI

await redis.expire("product:flash-sale", 3600);

redis.expire("product:flash-sale", 3600)

EXPIRE product:flash-sale 3600

Eviction

When an indexed key is evicted, Upstash Redis Search removes the document from the index. Once the Redis key is gone, it no longer appears in search results.

​JSON Documents

​Hash Documents

​String Documents

​Stream Entries

​Deletes

​Expiration

​Eviction

JSON Documents

Hash Documents

String Documents

Stream Entries

Deletes

Expiration

Eviction